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Illinois

Illinois, like all states, has a unique early childhood policy landscape that is shaped by economics, demographics, political history, coalitions, and other factors that create a state-specific environment for policy advocacy.

State early childhood policy progress is dependent both on the state’s environment and the numerous efforts—by the organizations listed on this page, other organizations, parents, policymakers, practitioners, and more—who work both independently and collaboratively to achieve wins for young children.

2025 State Early Childhood Policy Environment and Progress

Early Childhood Landscape:

Research shows that family economic security is foundational to children’s overall wellbeing. Research also shows that widespread disparities in opportunity (especially by race) drive wide disparities in outcomes. States with policies that offer strong support to young children and their families are more likely to see 1) declining numbers of children in low-income households and 2) low racial disparity among those children. 

Young Children in Low-Income Households: Declining

Approximately 35 percent (433,000) of the state’s children 0-8 live in households below 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (2022). This number represents a decrease from 39 percent (523,000) in 2017.1

Racial Disparity Among Young Children Living in Low-Income Households: High

Black, Hispanic/Latino, and/or Native children aged 0-8 are significantly more likely to be living in households below 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Level than are Asian and non-Hispanic White children.2

(NOTE: Selecting for age 0-8, state, and race can yield small cell sizes that can make percentages less accurate. Bars marked with S indicate data with extremely small cell sizes, which is not displayed. Bars marked with C should be interpreted with caution. Though the cell sizes are larger, they still fall below a threshold of reliability.)

Advocacy Landscape:

State General Fund Appropriations: Growing 

Illinois’ governor signed the state’s fiscal 2026 budget on June 16, 2025. The budget calls for general fund spending of $55.08 billion in fiscal 2026, a 5.8 percent increase from fiscal 2025’s enacted level of $52.05 billion. General fund revenues were projected at $54.92 billion in fiscal 2026, a 1.9 percent increase from fiscal 2025’s revised level. The enacted budget assumes a general fund surplus of $217 million. Additionally, the state’s Budget Stabilization Fund (rainy-day fund) has a forecasted balance of $2.5 billion by the end of fiscal 2026.3

Largest Revenue Sources Per Capita (after federal transfers):4

      • Property Taxes: $2,598 per capita
      • Individual Income Taxes: $1,789 per capita

Illinois uses all major state and local taxes.

State Budget Rules:4

Illinois uses an annual budget. The legislature must pass a balanced budget, but it can carry a deficit over into the following year. The state does not have any tax or expenditure limits (a temporary expenditure limit expired in 2015), but there are limits on total authorized debt incurred by the state (but not on debt service).

Permanent State Funding Stream Dedicated to Early Childhood:9 No

There is no permanent state funding stream—such as lottery revenue, nicotine tax, or trust fund distributions—dedicated by statute to early childhood supports. (Examples of other states with such funding in place can be found in the Alliance’s Revenue and Early Childhood Finance resource center.) 

Political Alignment: Aligned Democrat

During the 2024 session, the state’s Senate and House were both Democrat controlled. The state’s Governor was also a Democrat.6

Types of Common Ballot Measures Available:7  Three

    • Legislature-Initiated Constitutional Amendments – A constitutional amendment that appears on a state’s ballot as a ballot measure because the state legislature in that state voted to put it before the voters.
    • Voter-Initiated Constitutional Amendments – An amendment to a state’s constitution that comes about through the initiative process.
    • Legislature-Initiated State Statute – Appears on a state’s ballot as a ballot measure because the state legislature in that state voted to put it before the voters.

Early Childhood Policy Advocacy Organizations Include:

Early Childhood Policy Advocacy Multi-State Initiatives Include:8

2025 Policy Progress:

Highlights from the state’s early childhood policy advocacy community include:9

As Illinois transitions child care licensing to the new Department of Early Childhood, HB3439 provides practical updates to streamline and clarify the process. It will extend background check renewals by aligning with federal guidance, which involves extending the renewal period for background checks from every 3 years to every 5 years. This change will reduce the administrative burden while maintaining safety standards. The bill also codifies existing DCFS guidance to allow provisional hiring of child care staff who have completed FBI or ISP fingerprint background checks, provided they are supervised by fully cleared staff.

HB3327 requires NICU staff to share existing material with information about the EI program to all families and requires hospital staff to initiate a written referral to the EI program for families whose children are currently eligible for the program.

SB1555 requires the Illinois State Board of Education to add the Secretary of the Department of Early Childhood to the Advisory Council on the Education of Children with Disabilities.

SB406 requires the Department of Early Childhood to establish an Early Childhood Integrated Data System (ECIDS) that will be used to make equity driven, inclusive, and data-informed decisions within the early childhood system.

SB2437 is a Medicaid omnibus, which includes language that requires hospitals and birthing centers to allow patients to have Medicaid-approved doulas present during all phases of labor and birth. The doula will not count toward the number of guests permitted to a patient.

HB3446 requires the Department of Early Childhood, in collaboration with ICCB, IBHE, and DCFS, to publish and update, at least annually, a comprehensive list of early childhood coursework needed to become a qualified early childhood teacher or director.

HR137 encourages the Department of Early Childhood (IDEC) to make capital concerns a priority, and regularly survey all ECE construction/renovation needs (including community-based programs). It also urges IDEC to distribute the available $40 million remaining in ECCG funding.

An administrative rule change allows child care centers to hire interim conditional teachers who are actively working toward meeting the educational requirements outlined in administrative rules. This provision includes several safeguards and will be implemented through the JCAR (Joint Committee on Administrative Rules) process rather than through legislation.

Advocates also engaged with policy makers on a harmful bill that has been introduced several times in the past. The proposal aims to lower teacher qualification requirements for center-based early childhood programs—previous versions did not require any early childhood education coursework. Advocates strongly believe that such coursework is essential for ensuring high-quality teaching and for further professionalizing the early childhood education (ECE) field. They collaborated with the bill’s lead sponsor and state agencies to amend the proposal. The revised version creates an interim conditional teacher role, allowing assistant teachers to serve as lead teachers if they are actively completing their ECE coursework or credentials within 15 months. This approach helps address the teacher shortage while maintaining the requirements needed to have high-quality educators.

Ongoing Grantee Areas of Advocacy:

The lead convening advocacy groups in Illinois are Start Early (formerly the Ounce of Prevention Fund) and Illinois Action for Children. Start Early advances quality early learning for families with children, before birth through their earliest years, to help close the opportunity gap. Illinois Action for Children (IAFC) organizes, develops, and supports strong families and powerful communities where children matter most. IAFC and Start Early work in partnership and coalition with many organizations, including the Quality Alliance (a decades-old coalition of more than 40 early childhood organizations), the We, The Village Coalition (comprising over 120 organizations centering racial equity in state systems of early childhood education and care), and Raising Illinois, a coalition of more than 100 organizations focused on investment and policy change in the prenatal and first three years of life.

They are working to advance early childhood policies in several areas that align with the Alliance’s birth-through-eight policy framework

Early Care and Education

Child Care

Child Care Workforce

Preschool and Pre-K

 

Child and
Maternal Health

Early Intervention (Age 0-3)

Infant and Child Health

Maternal Health

 

Family
Supports


Family Economic Security

Paid Family & Medical Leave

Home Visiting

Early Childhood Infrastructure

Early Childhood Finance and Cost Modeling

Early Childhood Governance

Click here , here and  here for more information on advocates’ policy agenda.

RECENT ADVOCACY SNAPSHOT:
illinois Early Childhood Policy

Illinois Advocates Centered Lived Experiences to Strengthen Access to Early Care and Education for Families Involved in the Child Welfare System

Illinois advocates worked with the state legislature and the Pritzker administration to pass Public Act 102-926. The approved legislation includes proposals developed by the state’s Early Learning Council, with support from Start Early and Illinois Action for Children. The Council’s recommendations were informed by the lived experiences of parents who access early childhood services for their children.

Read More »

NOTES:

1 Kids Count Data Center, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Children Ages 0 to 8 Below 200 Percent Poverty, January, 2024. 

2 National Center for Children in Poverty, Children Ages 0 through 8 Below 200 Percent Poverty, October 2024, NCCP analysis of ACS 5-Year Estimates – Public Use Microdata Sample 2018-2022.

3 National Association of State Budget Officers, Proposed and Enacted Budgets, FY 2026.

4 Urban Institute, State Fiscal Briefs, April 2025.

5 Alliance for Early Success, State Examples of Dedicated Funding Streams, 2025

6 National Conference of State Legislatures, 2025 State & Legislative Partisan Composition, January 31, 2025.

7 Ballotpedia, Ballot Measures by State, Kids Count Data Center, 2025.

8 Alliance for Early Success, Multi-State Initiatives for Early Childhood Policy Advocacy, July, 2024.

9 Alliance for Early Success, State-Wide Advocacy Highlights Survey, April-October, 2025. 

More State Policy Data:

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More State State Data:

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